Figure 3From: Optimal control of buoyancy-driven liquid steel stirring modeled with single-phase Navier–Stokes equationsOptimization of gas flow rates. Averaged velocity field \(\bar {{\boldsymbol{u}}}\) obtained with \(\Delta t=0.05\) and \(C_{S}=0.005\). This solution is used as the initial condition \({\boldsymbol{u}}^{0}\) for the optimization studies which use the same Δt and \(C_{S}\)Back to article page