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Table 7 Averaged performance of the backward pass of the Heston–CaNN, calibrating 3 parameters on a CPU (Intel i5, 3.33 GHz with cache size 4 MB) and on a GPU (NVIDIA Tesla P100), over \(3125 \times 5\) (random seeds) test cases, where † stands for CaNN estimated value, and ∗ stands for the true value, with \(\mbox{MJ}=J(\varTheta )/N\)

From: A neural network-based framework for financial model calibration

Absolute deviation from \(\varTheta ^{*}\)

Error measure

Computational cost

\(|\bar{v}^{\dagger }-\bar{v}^{*}|\)

1.60 × 10−3

J(Θ)

1.45 × 10−6

CPU time (seconds)

0.29

\(|\gamma ^{\dagger }-\gamma ^{*}|\)

1.79 × 10−2

MJ

4.14 × 10−8

GPU time (seconds)

0.15

\(|\rho ^{\dagger }-\rho ^{*}|\)

2.44 × 10−2

Data points

35

Function evaluations

59,221