Figure 1
From: On the formation of centreline shrinkage porosity in the continuous casting of steel
Schematic of the continuous casting process for steel. Melt passes from a ladle to a tundish and then down through a cooled mould region where solidification commences on the mould walls. The partially solidified steel passes through regions of spray cooling and withdrawal rollers, by which point complete solidification has occurred. Throughout, the solidified steel is pulled with a constant speed, \(V_{\text{cast}}\)