Simulation and multi-objective optimization to improve the final shape and process efficiency of a laser-based material accumulation process

Journal of Mathematics in Industry

Table 4 Case Study 2: Results of initial experimental design. A star in the first column indicates that it is a final Pareto solution

Run	P	s	v	Δl	\(\Delta c_{xy}\)	\(\Delta c_{z}\)	Process	E	Laser usage
Run	[W]	[mm]	[mm/s]	[mm]	[μm]	[μm]	time [ms]	[J]	[ms]
1^∗	36.91	2.21	18.19	0.7196	0.8957	0.5506	433.88	4.49	121.54
2^∗	36.91	2.21	24.33	0.1568	0.8987	4.3581	376.23	3.35	90.88
3	36.91	2.79	32.78	0.3109	15.0270	3.7534	362.40	3.14	85.07
4^∗	36.91	2.79	43.84	−0.1795	16.0777	1.5913	291.34	2.35	63.61
5	83.09	2.21	56.49	0.2535	40.5365	1.8794	338.20	3.25	39.14
6^∗	83.09	2.21	75.55	−0.2420	26.3521	3.4772	293.27	2.43	29.27
7^∗	83.09	2.79	89.33	0.0857	29.0608	1.1673	299.05	2.59	31.22
8^∗	83.09	2.79	119.47	−0.3757	75.9127	23.1769	195.14	1.94	23.34
9	20.00	2.50	9.50	0.2205	12.3180	4.4034	497.37	5.26	263.16
10	100.00	2.50	105.50	−0.2308	19.9958	7.6273	278.20	2.37	23.70
11^∗	60.00	2.00	33.50	0.1986	0.1739	3.9001	355.82	3.58	59.70
12^∗	60.00	3.00	81.50	−0.1090	66.6995	15.8253	245.15	2.21	36.81
13^∗	60.00	2.50	43.13	0.4456	0.2729	3.1601	366.96	3.48	57.97
14^∗	60.00	2.50	71.88	−0.4870	31.9317	0.6542	247.30	2.09	34.78
15^∗	60.00	2.50	57.50	−0.0532	7.9411	4.3791	303.48	2.61	43.48