Figure 11

The block diagram of the hybrid modeling example presented in Eq. (24) which is taken from Ensinger et al. [100]. This composed design pattern combines the delta model (Sect. 4.1.1) with the physical constraints design pattern (Sect. 4.1.4). The predictions of the data-driven model are fed through a high-pass filter, while the physics-based predictions are processed by a low-pass filter. The overarching delta model combines the predictions additively. (Note: Since the constraints in the example are at the output level, they are visualized in a block diagram notation of the feature learning design pattern. See the last section of Sect. 4.1.4.2 for a discussion of the relationship between physical constraints and feature learning)